SpringBoot 邮件服务
Java 框架 SpringBoot Spring Java
本文介绍 SpringBoot 如何集成邮件服务，包括发送简单文本邮件、模板邮件、附件邮件、静态资源邮件等

# SpringBoot 邮件服务

# 邮件配置

  1. pom.xml

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--使用 thymeleaf 解析模板-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

  2. application.yaml

    spring:
  mail:
    host: smtp.qq.com
    port: 465
    username: cadecode@foxmail.com
    password: caifdytfhvaqdiif
    protocol: smtp
    test-connection: true
    default-encoding: UTF-8
    properties:
      mail.smtp.auth: true
      mail.smtp.ssl.enable: true
      mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true
      mail.smtp.starttls.required: true

# 简单邮件

  1. 工具方法

    public interface MailService {
    void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc);
}

@Service
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String text, String... cc) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(text);
        if (ArrayUtil.isEmpty(cc)) {
            message.setCc(cc);
        }
        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

  2. 使用方法

    @SpringBootTest
class MailTests {
    @Autowired
    MailService mailService;

    @Test
    void sendSimpleMail() throws Exception {
        mailService.sendSimpleMail("xxx@xxx.com", "标题", "测试内容");
    }
}

# 模板邮件

  1. 工具方法

    public interface MailService {
    void sendTempLateMail(String to, String subject, 
                      String content, String... cc) throws MessagingException;
}

@Service
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    @Override
    public void sendTempLateMail(String to, String subject, 
                                 String content, String... cc) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        // 解析为 html
        helper.setText(content, true);
        if (ArrayUtil.isEmpty(cc)) {
            helper.setCc(cc);
        }
        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

  2. 使用方法

    @SpringBootTest
class MailTests {
    @Autowired
    MailService mailService;
    // thymeleaf 的模板解析工具
    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
    // 用来设置 templateResolver
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext context;

 	@Test
    void sendTemplateMail() throws Exception {
        SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver 
            = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
        templateResolver.setApplicationContext(context);
        templateResolver.setCacheable(false);
        templateResolver.setPrefix("classpath:/email/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);

        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("name", "Cade");
        context.setVariable("age", "23");
        context.setVariable("sex", "boy");

        // 不使用 templateResolver 则默认取 templates 文件夹下的 html 文件
        String emailTemplate = templateEngine.process("test", context);
        mailService.sendTempLateMail("xxx@xxx.com", "模板邮件", emailTemplate);
    }
}

# 携带附件

  1. 工具方法

    public interface MailService {
    void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, 
                             String filePath, String... cc) throws MessagingException;
}

@Service
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    @Override
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, 
                                    String content, String filePath, 
                                    String... cc) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);
        if (ArrayUtil.isEmpty(cc)) {
            helper.setCc(cc);
        }
        FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
        // 使用 URL 对象 getPath 返回的路径为 /，不需要使用 File.separator
        String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("/"));
        helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

  2. 使用方法

    @SpringBootTest
class MailTests {
    @Autowired
    MailService mailService;
    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext context;	
	
    @Test
    void sendAttachmentsMail() throws MessagingException {
        URL resource = this.getClass().getResource("/static/img.jpg");
        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("xxx@xxx.com", "附件邮件", 
                                        "邮件中有附件，请注意查收！", resource.getPath());
    }
}

# 静态资源

  1. 工具方法

    public interface MailService {
    void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, 
                             String filePath, String... cc) throws MessagingException;
}

@Service
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    @Override
    public void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, 
                                 String resourcePath, String contentId, 
                                 String... cc) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);
        if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {
            helper.setCc(cc);
        }
        FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(resourcePath));
        helper.addInline(contentId, res);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

  2. 使用方法

        @Test
    public void sendResourceMail() throws MessagingException {
        String contentId = "cade";
        // img 标签的 cid:contentId 用于替换占位
        String content = "<html>" +
                "<body>" +
                "携带带静态资源的邮件<br/>" +
                "<img src=\'cid:" + contentId + "\' >" +
                "</body>" +
                "</html>";
        URL resource = this.getClass().getResource("/static/img.jpg");
        mailService.sendResourceMail("xxx@xxx.com", "静态资源邮件", 
                                     content, resource.getPath(), contentId);
    }

# 第三方工具

  1. hutool 的 MailUtil 工具类，对 javax.mail 进行了封装

    pom.xml 引入 javax.mail 和 hutool-extra 或者 hutool-all

    <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
    <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
    <version>1.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
    <artifactId>hutool-extra</artifactId>
    <version>5.4.5</version>
</dependency>

    resource/config/mail.setting 配置文件

    # 邮件服务器的SMTP地址，可选，默认为smtp.<发件人邮箱后缀>
host = smtp.yeah.net
# 邮件服务器的SMTP端口，可选，默认25
port = 25
# 发件人
from = hutool@yeah.net
# 用户名，默认为发件人邮箱前缀
user = hutool
# 密码，某些邮箱需要设置为授权码
pass = xxxx

    使用

    MailUtil.send("xxx@xxx.com", "测试", "邮件测试", false);

    发送邮件非常简单，只需一个方法即可搞定其中按照参数顺序说明如下：

    1. tos：对方的邮箱地址，可以是单个，也可以是多个（Collection表示）
    2. subject：标题
    3. content：邮件正文，可以是文本，也可以是HTML内容
    4. isHtml： 是否为HTML，如果是，那参数3识别为HTML内容
    5. files： 可选：附件，可以为多个或没有，将File对象加在最后一个可变参数中即可
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